Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Anorexia Nervosa And Its Influence On Society - 1373 Words

Anorexia Nervosa is mostly present in western countries. Anorexia nervosa has been increasing over years. Women are more affected by anorexia nervosa than men. (Makino, Tsuboi Dennerstein, 2004). Anorexia Nervosa is defined as people starving for food as they are afraid to put on weight .People adopting the western culture find their ideal body type as slim, so they need to do exercise and should not eat fat to stay slim. Mass media has contributed a lot in influencing women in the western culture and is contributing to stereotype the ideal body type. Health professionals, need to do a work hard to find the reason behind people self starving as anorexia nervosa is considered as a serious illness which should be treated. According to anthropologist, Sir Edward Burnett Taylor, culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, morals, law, custom, and any other capabilities and habits acquired by man as a member of society.†(Stocking, 1995). Culture forms our behavior in society and we are influenced by culture. People suffering from anorexia nervosa are obsessed of being slim and have the phobia of putting on weight, thus they don’t eat fat at all and do excess exercise. Nervosa is a serious disease which needs to be treated seriously. Some researchers have found that anorexia nervosa is a culture bound syndrome. Nowadays, People are mostly influenced by the western culture, by the media ignoring their health because they have set a standard and theyShow MoreRelatedInfluence Of Society On A Teenager1039 Words   |  5 Pagessuch as Selena Quintanilla. The difference between then and now is, women could escape this if needed. Today it is impossible to ignore the stick t hin, supermodels, such as Kendall Jenner. They are on TV, Clothing stores, and magazines. The influence of society on a teenager is so much that man expects a woman to be a stick thin model or they are considered â€Å"plump†. The average fashion model weighs 108 to 130 lbs in proportional to height. The average woman weighs 142 to 166.2lbs. One study showedRead MoreAnorexia Nervosa As A Culture Bound Syndrome1440 Words   |  6 Pagesering from Anorexia-Nervosa within western countries, compared to that of 3.2% of females suffering from Anorexia-Nervosa in non western countries (DiNicola 1990:253), it is not surprising that Anorexia Nervosa has been labeled a Culture-Bound Syndrome. There have been three prominent hypotheses as to why this particular disease is considered so. The most prominent of these hypotheses is that westernized media’s ideologies of thinness and beauty have influenced young females into developing a â€Å"fat-phobiaRead MorePeer Pressure An d Media Cause Eating Disorders1743 Words   |  7 Pagesas being too fat. Eating disorders can be cause by psychological or environmental factors. To illustrate, a psychological factor, in today’s society, anorexia, bulimia and weight-preoccupation is comprehended everywhere but it continues to affect and take hold of the female body (Bordo 66). Bordo in the prior sentence is suggesting that the source of anorexia or bulimia is weight-preoccupations. At the same time there are biological factors as well. For instance, they have found that there are abnormalRead MorePsychological And Emotional Factors Of Anorexia Nervosa1120 Words   |  5 Pages Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that makes people lose more weight than is considered healthy for their age and height. (1Anorexia Nervosa MedlinePlus) They may be afraid of gaining weight, even though they are are underweight. They will have extreme control over their food and calorie intake, and exercise intensely. Individuals with this condition usually have low to extremely low weight, and body fat. Most patients are malnourished. Patients with this disorder have a disturbed body conceptRead MoreAnorexia and Bulemia Nervosa: The New Epidemic919 Words   |  4 Pagesepidemic threatening the health and even the lives of many adolescents. The importance attached to the physical appearance in our culture influence millions of people to feel dissatisfied with their image. The media is in some way is responsible, by constantly showing images about what constitutes being an attractive and successful person, especially women. Society is allowing the Media to promote stereotyping of a â€Å"perfect woman† with the impossible dimensions such as the Barbie doll; a very thin andRead MoreBackground History of Anorexia Nervosa1452 Words   |  6 PagesHISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ANOREXIA NERVOSA Anorexia nervosa’s (AN) first descriptions began during the twelfth and thirteenth century with the historical Saint Catherine of Siena (Deans, 2011). It is related to participating in religious functions and medieval practices of self-starvation (Deans, 2011). Furthermore, the death of popular singer, Karen Carpenter in 1983 created the societal awareness about the effect of anorexia nervosa and become widely known at the end of the twentieth century (RaderRead MoreEating Disorders: Anorexia Nervosa1653 Words   |  7 PagesAnorexia Nervosa Anorexia Nervosa is one of several subtypes descending from feeding and eating disorders. It is a crippling life-threatening condition marked by a patient placing restriction on energy intake relative to needed energy requirements, resulting in a relentless pursuit of low body weight in the context of age, sex, development and physical health. According to American Psychiatric Publishing of diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5) â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa, often timesRead MoreUnderstanding Anorexia Nervosa1008 Words   |  5 PagesAnorexia nervosa has the highest mortality rate of any psychiatric disorder, with more than 10% of those that suffer from it will die. Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder that is categorized by severe food restriction, excessive exercise and body dysmorphia, which leads those that suffer from it to believe that they are overweight. Anorexia nervosa is commonly misunderstood by the general public. Research has disproved many of the previous thoughts about anorexia nervosa. According to the scientificRead More The Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder1723 Words   |  7 PagesThe Prevalence Of Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, And Binge Eating Disorder How prevalent is anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and other eating disorders? Without the knowledge of research, one is likely to think eating disorders are quite prevalent in society today. However, research proves that eating disorders, in general, are not as prevalent as one might think without any knowledge of the subject. Prevalence of an eating disorder refers to the number of cases of an eating disorderRead MoreEating Disorders Have Multiple Complex Causes; The Media is not to Blame 1568 Words   |  7 PagesWhen the topic of eating disorders (ED), anorexia, bulimia, starving, purging, or any other form of self harm is brought into an everyday conversation, it is simply looked at as nothing out of them norm and is just brushed off as if the topic was concerning what the President had for lunch that day. At first glance, the average person would probably conclude that the main reason eating disorders are so noted in young women today is simply due to the fact that the media puts so much pressure on these

Monday, December 16, 2019

How to Write a Systematic Review Free Essays

This guide deals with how to write a systematic review. Systematic reviews have become popular over the last 20 years or so, particularly in health and healthcare related areas. Systematic Literature Review, sometimes known as systematic reviews, are associated with evidence-based healthcare practice, the idea that nursing and related healthcare disciplines should be grounded in the most up-to-date and accurate research evidence. We will write a custom essay sample on How to Write a Systematic Review or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, they are increasingly used in other areas. Systematic reviews assess as much as possible of the available research in the area of concern. The aim is to produce a rigourous and impartial review of evidence based on clear, reproducible protocols and transparent selection methods. Carrying out a Systematic Review A systematic review can be divided into clear, logically distinct stages: Formulating the research question Devising the research protocol Carrying out the literature search Extracting the data Appraising the quality Data analysis Results Conclusion The first step is to formulate a research question. This stage forms part of a larger stage of devising the research protocol. The question should be clearly focussed, neither too narrow nor too broad. The acronym PICO has been devised to summarise the four parts a question should take into account (the population or patient group studied, the intervention, treatment or test, a comparison or alternative intervention, and the outcome of the intervention (see figure 1 for an example) The research protocol covers the methods for searching the literature and extracting and analysing the data. The methodology should be clearly defined before starting, in order to minimise bias. Inclusion and exclusion criteria should also be determined at this stage. For example, it might be decided to include only published articles, and exclude studies in languages other than English. The literature search is the next step. Bibliographic databases including Pubmed, Medline, the Cochrane Library and Embase (for healthcare) can be used. It is wise to use more than one online database as each one includes a different range of journals. Reference lists of articles are useful for finding new areas to investigate, as can handsearching of journals.The aim of searching the literature is to produce an inclusive list of relevant research studies from which to select the studies included in the review. This stage also involves screening for and removing duplicates. This can be done through a computer based reference management system such as EndNote. Data extraction can be done using a standardised form. This links to an example of such a form: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK56167/ . Such a form means data can also be entered into a database, making future use easier. Different types of systematic review demand different forms, so ensure you use the most correct type. Quality appraisal is perhaps the most central step, and there are a number of checklists which have been developed to help with this process. This links to a simple and easy to understand example: http://www.gla.ac.uk/media/media_64047_en.pdf . It should be kept in mind, however, that different checklists can produce very different results. On the basis of quality appraisal, studies are rejected and accepted. Data analysis is the next stage. A simple form of data analysis is to descriptively evaluate the studies, summarising these in table format. Such tables typically include the population studied, interventions and outcomes. Methodology and potential bias might also be listed.Metaanalysis might also be carried out. The results are then interpreted. Strengths and weaknesses of the studies included in the review are considered. The findings of the studies are summarised, and conclusions indicated.Recommendations for future studies are often made. Writing up a Systematic Review Systematic reviews follow a clear structure, generally of the format The title should be concise and accurate The abstract should be clearly structured The introduction should summarise the topic and explain why the review is necessary. It should end with a summary statement of the aims The methodology should follow a clear structure, looking at inclusion/exclusion characteristics, how studies were indentified, how studies included were handled, data extraction and quality assessment The results section covers how the data was handled (including any statistical analysis) The results should be set out logically. This section covers the number of studies found, how many excluded, details of study range and characteristics, study quality, and so on. The discussion section should also be clearly ordered. It starts with a summary statement setting out the main finding. The next paragraph describes limitations of studies included and of the review process. The third paragraph should cover the negative and positive aspects of the methodology, while the fourth paragraph contexualises the results in terms of existing knowledge. The final paragraph sets out conclusions and implications. Bibliography DFID Research and Evidence Division (2013) ‘Systematic Reviews and Evidence?Informed Policy: Overview’, This http://www.dfid.gov.uk/r4d/pdf/articles/what_is_a_systematic_review_external.pdf Hemingway, P and Brereton, N (2013) ‘What is a Systematic Review’, [online] (cited 13th February 2013) available from http://www.medicine.ox.ac.uk/bandolier/painres/download/whatis/syst-review.pdf Wardlaw, J M (2010) ‘Advice on how to write a systematic review’, [online] (cited 13th February 2013) available from http://www.sbirc.ed.ac.uk/documents/advice%20on%20how%20to%20write%20a%20systematic%20review.pdf Wright, R W, Brand, R A, Dunn, W and Spindler, K P (2007) ‘How to Write a Systematic Review’, Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research’, 455:23-29. How to cite How to Write a Systematic Review, Essay examples

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Colored TV and nice 3

Colored TV and nice 3-piece suite Essay Edwardss house set of props:  Nice wallpaper, carpeted all through, nice rug in the middle, coffee table in the middle of the room with vase with flowers on the top, colored TV and nice 3-piece suite  Outside of the house:  Clean, Nice clean garden, nicely maintained garden, fenced all around.  Mrs. Johnston side of the stage should very messy and dirty not looked after that much. The audience should be able to tell in a second which side belongs to who, totally opposite to things going on with the side of Mrs. Lyons side of the stage very posh and looked after Mickeys costume should very dirty some things too big for his size, passed on by his brothers. His hair all over the place some, mucky and probably unwashed in weeks, his knees mucky and dirty probably scared elbows and a dirty jumper with holes in it, rolled up selves because the jumper is a bit to big for him and dirty trousers and shoes that you can see through them.  Eddies costume should totally opposite to what Mickey looks like and the way hes dressed nice washed clean hair, clean face his clothes really smart nice comfortable fit for a king nice shoes, brushed hair, clean trousers, white shirt, vest and a nice coat. Eddies costume should be very posh the audience should get the expression the second they see Edward. The narrators costume when he is singing his song should be a cloak, white shirt with a white coat, black shoes and black trousers, his clothes should give a very dark mysterious character.  Mrs. Johnstone will be wearing a frilly apron very dirty, hair net, some curlers on the top and rubber gloves. Mrs. Johnstons costume should tell the audience that she a working class woman.  Edward when ever says a dialog I want him to say it slowly, not fast, clear words, dont not use any slang, say full words Pissed off. You say smashing things dont you? Do you know any more words like that?(Act1, PG 24). Do not use a Liverpool accent. Mrs. Johnstone you can use as much as slang you want to, but dont overdo it and please make an effort on using as much Liverpool accent. When Mickey is singing can he make funny childish expressions.  The main themes in the play are:  1. Poverty e.g. job loss Theyve started layinpeople off in the factory y know(act2, pg82)  2. Upper class and working class e.g. Mrs.johnstone family working class and Mrs. Lyons Upper class  3. Guns/violence and superstion.  These are the main themes in the play. The section that we are concentrating on superstition is one of the themes. In those days people like Mrs. Johnstone used to believe in superstition. I think this is one of the themes because its in the beginning and in the end of the play you know what they say about twins, secretly parted, dont you (Mrs. Lyons is blackmailing Mrs. Johnstone, so Mrs. Johnstone would not tell Edward or Mickey about the sin they both did)  Violence is a theme as well because it never ends from the start to the end.