Writing a 5 page paper
High School Expository Term Paper Topics
Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Gatorade â⬠Every Game Needs a Hero Essay
The business is about the new Gatorade business entitled Every Game Needs a saint. The business utilizes stop movement to include a progressing game. With its monochromatic structure, the main thing that can be seen in full shading is the Gatorade thing that can be found as an afterthought where the water container must be put in.â The business utilizes the melody O-fortuna by Therion, which is an exceptionally well known tune utilized as soundtrack in a ton of tension, activities, and experience films. A few games were included like baseball, ball, football and tennis. At last, the business made its subjects moved by embodying the peak of the game, connected at the hip with rousing short expressions. In addition, a fantastic finale is set by indicating the Gatorade logo at long last. By viewing the business, it is for sure evident that the business is a sort of brand Advertising. For this situation, Gatorade has advanced its image by utilizing well known games characters to convince individuals to purchase its item. Gatorade is a caffeinated drink fit to battle lack of hydration. Each competitor applies their full power when playing a game and therefore, they in part or completely lose the water levels in their body making them get dried out. With Gatoradeââ¬â¢s objective, to re-hydrate, renew and refuel, it is absolutely viable to utilize a few games characters to embrace its item. In their site, they are completely advancing that Gatorade is quicker to ingest that water in rehydrating a functioning personââ¬â¢s body. The business, as I would like to think as the observer, is exceptionally simple to like. At the point when I initially watched it, it is obviously attractive. The business suggests a great deal of interest wherein a watcher won't stop for a second to watch it until the end. The enhancements utilized in this business, despite the fact that not new, were powerful. The initial scene was staggering particularly when everybody can identify with the visuals introduced on the primary edges of the business. With regards to the music utilized, I for one like it, also I am a major fanatic of the band Therion, yet in addition since it is exceptionally natural to everybodyââ¬â¢s ear. The music utilized as a major aspect of the impacts of each game was extremely successful. Then again, there are still a few viewpoints in the business wherein I, as the watcher will have the option to detest. On the off chance that I didnââ¬â¢t see the Gatorade container on a piece of the business and rather, bounced on its center or last piece, I could never have believed that itââ¬â¢s from Gatorade. The stop movement thing is acceptable however was inadequately altered or outwardly censured. Additionally, the Gatorade thing in this business was ineffectively accentuated just as the message is very dubious. The topic each game needs a legend is very fluffy as conveyed in the business. It arrives in a manner by which leaving me, as a watcher befuddled by discovering who the legend was, is it Gatorade or the games characters? I may even believe that the saint is me. By deciphering all the contemplations accumulated in watching this Gatorade business, I have gone to a wrap-up imagined that Gatorade is basically underlining that everybody can become like some other games characters just by putting Gatorade adjacent to them. The business put a ton of vitality in me, in which I would not spare a moment to watch it again and again again.â It influences most to the individuals who truly love sports. Conversely, it might insignificantly influence the individuals who have no heart for any game exercises. In any case, the business is shocking particularly is seen first time. All things considered, I could state that the business is outstandingly viable.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
English Language and Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words
English Language and Communication - Essay Example Unfortuntely, the generl open some of the time ssocites outside ccents with lower socil sttus. Spekers with outside ccents my be seen s less savvy, less capable, nd even less ttrctive thn ntive English spekers. Other proof indictes tht individuals in various nations hve been denied lodging or business basically becuse of their ccents. Negtive generalizing nd stigmtiztion of English second-lnguge spekers is not kidding issue tht is excerbted by the frudulent clims of some shdy businessmen who sy tht they cn eliminte remote ccents with costly CDs nd lerning progrms. In fct there is no logical proof tht remote ccent cn routinely be eliminted by ny such progrm. Hypothesis relted to stigmtiztion characterizes this marvel s undermining ttribute ssigned by society to the individuals who vary in some mnner from society's expecttions, customs, nd mores. It results from socil ctegoriztion process tht llows for the brisk identifiction of the individuals who re similr nd the individuals who re distinctive nd cn in this manner be viewed as s others. It isn't just the ct of ctegoriztion tht brings about stigmtiztion of certin gatherings, be that as it may, rther, the coupling of negtive vlue decisions with prticulr chrcteristics tht bring about n dverse rection to contrast. The dverse rection to ccents tkes the type of discrimintion, or convictions, ttitudes, nd ctions coordinated t individuls because of phenotypic chrcteristics or ethnic gathering ffilition tht result in disprte life chnces or unequl results. Disbility nd ethnicity re two such chrcteristics used to ctegorize individuls into stigmtized gatherings. There re different other stigmtizing chrcteristics, including femle sex nd single parenthood. Connection nd Pheln (2001, 2001b) created conceptul frmework for stigm tht ddresses the socil component intrinsic in the stigmtiztion procedure. Their frmework is bsed on interrelted parts tht look past the individul, nd it ddresses the job of intensity in discrimintion. Inside their frmework, lnguge stigm is conceptulized s five-stge process: () Differences re distinguished nd lbeled; (b) contrasts re connected to negtive generalizations; (c) generalizing llows for ctegoriztion nd plcement of stigmtized individuls into particular gatherings, seprte from the dominnt culture; (d) seprtion llows for loss of sttus nd discrimintion; nd (e) power differentil exists between the lbeler nd the lbeled, mking discrimintion conceivable. Connection nd Pheln (2001) recognized three wellsprings of discrimintion in reltion to ccent stigmtiztion: () immediate or obvious, (b) structurl or fundamental, nd (c) socil-psychologicl forms operting through the stigmtized individul. The finl source, socil-psychologicl forms, depicts sociliztion of stereotypicl observations nd the internliztion of such recognitions coming about in behviors tht my prompted self-perpetuting discrimintion. With this wellspring of discrimintion, individuls who accept tht they will be discriminted ginst my react by withdrwing nd voiding socil contct, in this manner negtively ffecting their encouraging group of people nd incresing their degrees of stress. Contrary impacts of emphasize on individuals' lives Fer of ccent stigmtiztion nd ensuing discrimintion my impact how individuls interct with others. Concelment of the
Friday, July 31, 2020
Some Tips for International Students COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog
Some Tips for International Students COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Erisha Suwal will be graduating from SIPA soon and she composed this entry to provide insight to international applicants and students. On a side note, culture shock is not limited to international students, even for someone that grew up in the United States moving to NYC can be a shock. Do not worry though, as the famous quote goes, This is New York, if you can make it here, you can make it anywhere. ___________________________ SIPA is a very international school, academically and in terms of its student body. About 60% of the students in the MPA and about 40% of students in the MIA program come from outside of the US. Being an international student is exciting. Living in a new country, in one of the biggest cities in the world can be quite an adventure. As an international student about to complete my SIPA education, I want to share a few experiences and give a few tips, especially to those international students who will be leaving home for the first time. Applying to SIPA For those reading this blog that will apply in the future, language can be a major hurdle for non-native English speakers. If you did not complete your undergraduate in an English-medium institution, you have to take TOEFL or IELTS. If you have ample time before the test, read anything you can find in English. Watch as many English movies as possible to improve your listening skills. Then you have the GREs. The verbal for non-native English speakers is usually challenging. So work extra hard. On the other hand, your mother tongue or national language can also exempt you from taking language classes. All students enrolled in the MIA program must be fluent in a second language in addition to English. The language requirement also applies to MPA students concentrating in Economic and Political Development. However, you can get language exemption by proving proficiency either by taking a test offered at SIPA or elsewhere. In my case, I am a native Nepali speaker and I had taken a language exemption test during my undergraduate studies at Wellesley College. I had my dean from Wellesley write to the deans at SIPA and was exempted. Not having to take a second language frees up a lot of time to take other classes. At the same time, it could be fun and beneficial to take a second language, especially languages needed for UN and World Bank jobs. Once Accepted If you need to take a loan, you need to apply to a private lender, usually CitiBank or Sallie Mae. Loans from private lenders have higher interest rates and they require an American co-signer to act as a guarantor. Finding a co-signer maybe difficult for many international students. Even if you do have an American co-signer, whether or not the loan will be approved is up to the lender. Dealing with these issues from outside of the US can cause much anxiety. Make sure you go through the information provided by the private lenders thoroughly to understand the system. Read the fine prints. Talk to anybody you know who has gone through this before. Another option to secure financial support, at least partially, is to explore other funding sources such as your undergraduate institution, foundations, and fellowships. You never know when an opportunity will appear. I contacted undergraduate alums to find out if the organizations they work for such as the Ford Foundation or even Pepsi Co. would fund students pursuing a masterâs degree. Funds from outside are competitive to receive, but it is worth exploring all options. On a side note: having been in the US for almost eight years now, I have learned that it is always important to ask unequivocally for something if you need it; without being an annoyance of course. Sometimes, international students come from cultures where asking directly for something is considered rude, selfish, inconsiderate or against the cultural norm. However, unless you ask, no one knows your needs. The worst that can happen is that you will get no for an answer. Visa After you have your finances taken care of, its time to get a visa. The visa process varies depending on your country of origin. It is smooth for some and rocky for others. Give yourself ample time. If you encounter any problems, reach out to the International Students and Scholars Office (ISSO). They are very helpful with the immigration process and have tips on how to prepare for the visa interview as well. For those applying for visa for the first time, remember that how you finance your education and whether or not you plan to come back to the country in the future matters to embassy staff. For those traveling for the first time, keep in mind that the US immigration laws have changed since 9/11. Do not be surprised at random checks and it can be a lengthy process. Experience at SIPA and New York Culture shock is inevitable for first timers. I remember my first days in the US. People spoke English too fast and with an accent I wasnât familiar with. Public display of affection was acceptable. Dance floors were a whole different world. I constantly converted dollars to Nepali rupees. Early experiences in New York can be even more intense with its fast-paced life, crowded subways, and people dressed up in crazy attire. I asked a few other international friends to share their experiences. A friend from Japan said, âI did not have culture shock since the way of modern life does not change regardless of where we areoh, the staffs in restaurants are friendlier than in Japan and attendants in supermarkets are much more impolite.â Another friend from China mentioned that it took her time to adjust to the social scene in New York. She said that she was not used to the idea of going to bars to drink a lot. A few other friends mentioned that coming a few days prior to orientation is good idea. It gives time to explore the city on your own and to get used to the place before your schedule fills up with orientation events and then classes. Coming earlier is also a good way to make some friends before classes start. After the first two months or so, you will adapt to the place and its pace. Some international students have mentioned that they continue to struggle with English, and at times it can get frustrating not to be able to express yourself. However, they say that perseverance is the key. SIPA has numerous events throughout the years to help students socialize and have a good time. There are also many student organizations based on regions, cultures and interest. ISSO also organizes many events for international students. For those who only have their passports as the official identification card, get a New York state ID or maybe even a driverâs license. If you are going to bars or buying alcohol, it is easier and less risky to have an ID than carry your passport around. Other Tips If you need to find an on-campus job, reach out to people. Check libraries and IT centers for vacancies. Email professors you find interesting not just in SIPA but in the whole University, and ask them if they need a research assistant. I found a research assistant position in my first semester by emailing a professor. Advertise to teach your national language or any other skills you might have. Some students babysit to make some cash. Be prepared for cold weather. This winter New York had 20 inches of snow! Finding an apartment in New York can be stressful, but there are ways to get cheaper housing besides campus housing. The loan serves as an income guarantee. Check out http://newyork.craigslist.org/ but be careful of scams. Explore not just New York, but most of the US, if you have the chance.
Friday, May 22, 2020
Primark Company Report - 1506 Words
CONTENTS 1.0 Introduction 2.0 Nature of the business 3.0 Market position within the industry as a whole 4.0 Main objectives of the business 5.0 Quality standards amp; approaches for service quality 6.0 Customer profile amp; target market segment 7.0 Competitor profile amp; marketing methods 8.0 Employment practices amp; investing in people 9.0 External influences which impact on the business and your role in the business 10.0 Products amp; Services 11.0 Conclusion and Opportunities APPENDIX 1 1.0 Introduction Primark Stores Ltd. Is a value fashion retailer that was founded in 1969 and operates as a subsidiary of Associated British Foods plc. Primark sell a wide variety of product fromâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦Primark remains unbeatable at price in comparison with almost all products it offers and if not the quality of product is often found to be superior. Unlike other fashion retailers, Primark do not use marketing strategies to attract interest and customers as the brand try to keep overheads to a minimum in order to sustain the best prices for the consumer. Primark market its products using its store window displays, which are changed twice a week to showcase the newness in product currently in store. There are also a few weekly magazines that showcase Primark womenswearââ¬â¢s latest products, but this is done independently and Primark play no part in marketing these products themselves. 9.0 Employment practices amp; investing in people Primark head office consists of a large HR force that sits to ensure that not only appropriate new recruits are selected to join the Head Office workforce, but also to ensure that current employees are. As an employee of Primark and working within the head office there are many training courses that are provided to help develop skills such as Yarns to Fibre training, excel training, management training and negotiation training. All head office employees are also given a review every 6 months by their department manager which allows the employeeShow MoreRelatedCompanies Of One National Company And A Non Profit Sector1614 Words à |à 7 Pagesthe report In this report I going to chose two companies of one national company and a non profit sector. Firstly I am going to give a breath introduction of two company and the purpose of the business. Second part of the report I am going to focus on the Aims, vision and objective for the two company for the company current target and their future target. Part two for the report I am going to talk about the stakeholder for the companies, Lastly, I am going to give a conclusion of the report. PrimarkRead MorePrimark s Corporate Social Responsibility954 Words à |à 4 PagesSummarize the Ways in Which PRIMARK have Lived Up to their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Policies and Ways in Which They could or should have Done Better. Primark, an Irish clothing retailer company was set up and headquartered in Dublin in 1969. Nowadays, there are over 250 stores across the United Kingdom, Ireland, Europe and the United States. Moreover, Primark operates with about 700 suppliers in China, India, Bangladesh, Turkey and Eastern Europe. Primark takes corporate social responsibilityRead MoreThe Political Risk And Country Risk Of Taiwan Essay1315 Words à |à 6 PagesIntroduction: This report aims to assess the political risk and country risk of Taiwan prior to foreign investment by Primark. Generally, political risk can be described as ââ¬Å"the application of host government policies that constrain the business operations of a given foreign investment(Schmidt, 1986)â⬠. There are three types of political risks including firm-specific risk, country-specific risk and global specific risk. In order for a Primark to do foreign investment, it needs to evaluate the risksRead MoreThe Marketing Plan Of Primark Essay1191 Words à |à 5 PagesIntroduction: Primark, as a part of Associated British Foods, is a fashionable brand in Europe. It owns at least 300 stores over United Kingdom, Germany, Austria, Belgium, Spain, Netherlands and Portugal. Primark in which located in Ireland, is basically operating a sale of clothing and household supplies with approximately 60000 employees. The mission of Primark can be described as ââ¬Å"with a unique combination of the latest fashion and lean operations, Primark offers customers quality, up-to-the-minuteRead MoreTaking a Look at Primark1488 Words à |à 6 PagesPrimark is an Irish retailing company that is widely established in the value fashion sector. The company is a subsidiary of ABF plc (Associated British Foods) and its main headquarters are in Dublin, Ireland, where the first store opened on Mary Street in 1969 under the trading name Penneys. Primark now operates in 9 countries, 268 stores, in Ireland (branded as Penneys), the United Kingdom, Spain, the Netherlands, Portugal, Germany, B elgium, Austria and France. The company employs more than 48Read MoreBusiness Ethics Essay944 Words à |à 4 PagesTASK 1: Scenario: Business ethics - a study of a selected company With growing interest among consumers regarding the business ethics of the businesses brands that consumers buy, Westminster council wants to conduct an independent review of some of the organisations that sell their goods and services in the borough. You have been asked to select one of the following brands and conduct research into their business ethics. 1. Using Primark as a case study, visit their website/conduct research intoRead MoreHow Has The Media Affected The Politics Of The Bangladesh Factory Disaster?1292 Words à |à 6 Pageseight story building was used mainly by western commercial businesses such as Walmart and Primark. Workers in Bangladesh are repeatedly pushed by fast production times, to meet the demands of changing western fashion, leaving worries about structural damage within the building ignored and unheard. The popularity of western production in Bangladesh raised attention within the western media. This alerted both companies, customers and both western and eastern governments in order to find who was responsibleRead MorePrimark Structural and Organisation Report1707 Words à |à 7 Pages11Managerial Finance Report: Primark Stores LimitedIntroductionPrimark Stores Limited is a subsidiary of Associated British Foods PLC, and Primark has become a well established family name in recent years. It has set a bench mark for many companies to follow in a segment of the market labelled the value sector. The company was founded to produce clothing that is value for money, in other words you are paying for the quality of the product and not for the label that come attached. The company to date hasRead MoreEthical Business Behavior: Primark and Anglo-American Case Study1740 Words à |à 7 PagesEthical Behavior: Primark and Anglo-American Ethical business behavior and the costs and benefits for a company behaving ethically In recent times there has been an emphasis on following business ethics, as it is believed to have an impact on the way business is run and how its prospects turn out. In the past, business ethics were often ignored, as entrepreneurs had other priorities that took the front seat to ethics, such as, profit-making and stakeholder interests. However, business ethics areRead MoreTaking a Look at the Primark Profile1332 Words à |à 5 PagesPRIMARK PROFILE Primark is an Irish clothing retailer, operating in Australia, Belgium, Germany, Ireland (38 stores branded as Pennyââ¬â¢s), Portugal, Spain, the Netherland and the U.K. The companys main base of operation is in Dublin and they are a supplementary of British food processing company ABF. Primark is first opened in June 1969 in Mary Street (Dublin). It became appreciable that more stores are needed and another four were added to the chain. Further extensionand success in Ireland command
Sunday, May 10, 2020
Women s Rights Movement And The Demand For Women Suffrage
The woman s rights movement and the demand for woman suffrage emerged in the first half of the 19th century from a variety of other movements. A major goal of the woman s rights movement was to change public opinion regarding women s capacities and rights. Suffrage was one of several reforms intended to end the significant legal, political, religious, and cultural discriminations against nineteenth century women. Suffrage became the primary goal of the woman s rights movement during the 1850s and remained so until women finally achieved the right to vote in 1920.During 20th century they gained the right to vote and also more occupations were opened to them. They gained equal right with men included property right, the right to work for equal pay, and the womenââ¬â¢s suffrage. It was so difficult for women to gain suffrage because the people believed if women could vote they would end barriers at the state level that prevented married women from controlling their wages and attendi ng state universities, they reform the corrupt practices of American politics, and they would end unequal pay. Suffragist always believed that success was imminent, and they numbered their amendment to prohibit discrimination in voting on the basis of sex the 16th amendment. But votes for women came so slowly that they followed changes legalizing an income tax, authorizing popular voting for United States senators, and establishing prohibition. Suffragists faced endless campaigns to persuade stateShow MoreRelatedThe Fight for Rights!884 Words à |à 4 PagesWomen had no rights compared to a man. Women had to fight for the rights which led to a change in the United States which last till today. For women in 1920s, the fight to acquire rights was called the womenââ¬â¢s suffrage movement which on how they have rights, have to fight against a dissident to get the 19th amendment and how the suffrage movement influences them today from the suffragist demands they acquired. With the arduous time women had trying to achieve the rights they demand they had to Read MoreThe Women s Suffrage Movement Essay1153 Words à |à 5 PagesFor decades, women struggled to gain their suffrage, or right to vote. The womenââ¬â¢s suffrage movement started in the decades before the Civil War, and eventually accomplished its goal in the year of 1920 when the 19th Amendment was ratified into the U.S. Constitution. After the U.S. Civil War, the womenââ¬â¢s suffrage movement gained popularity and challenged traditional values and sexism in the country; the increase of progressive social values benefited the women suffragists by allowing them to succeedRead MoreThe Battle For Equal Rights Among Women Essay1428 Words à |à 6 PagesThe battle for equal rights among women was a prolonged and challenging movement that stretched over two centuries of American history and is arguably one of the most important reform efforts in our nationââ¬â¢s affairs. The 1995 PBS docume ntary, ââ¬Å"One Woman, One Voteâ⬠successfully established an informative timeline, using letters, film reels, photographs and a variety of voices, to recreate the events during this strenuous fight for equality. In a 72 year existence of the Declaration of IndependenceRead MoreThe Struggle For Women s Rights850 Words à |à 4 PagesWomen Suffrage Throughout history, battles and wars have been fought to gain some type of rights or freedoms. In 1775, the American Revolutionary War was fought for independence; In 1865, the American Civil War was fought to end slavery. Although no wars were fought, many battles were waged for women s rights. The struggle for women s rights begin in the mid-late 1800s at a time when women were not allowed to vote or own property. Women, as with African-Americans, during this period were not recognizedRead MoreWomens Rights Movement1336 Words à |à 6 PagesThe Womenââ¬â¢s Rights Movement Womenââ¬â¢s Suffrage is a subject that could easily be considered a black mark on the history of the United States. The entire history of the right for women to vote takes many twists and turns but eventually turned out alright. This paper will take a look at some of these twists and turns along with some of the major figures involved in theà suffrageà movement.à The first recorded instance in American history where a woman demanded the right to vote was in 1647. MargaretRead More`` The Best Protection Any Woman Can Have Courage Essay1669 Words à |à 7 Pageschange to the nation ;however, the greatest change was the change of social attitudes toward the women in this time period. Women started slowly emerging out of their traditional roles in a fight to eventually be seen as an equal citizen in the american republic. A fight which is still in act today. Even though women were not seen as equal as men during the antebellum time period, the activist women contributed greatly to set up preliminary work so that progress could be done. The antebellum yearsRead MoreSusan B. Anthony And The Abolitionist Movement1181 Words à |à 5 Pageslife to the rights of womenââ¬â¢s labor, receiving equal pay, and leading the womenââ¬â¢s suffrage movement. She grew up in a home where politics was frequently discussed. Her family supported an end to slavery as part of the abolitionist movement. In her early years, she was a teacher and became involved in the temperance movement as well as the anti-slavery movement. Because she was a woman, she was not allowed to voice her opinion. This became a motivator for her to become a womanââ¬â¢s suffrage leader. ARead MoreWomen Suffrage1050 Words à |à 5 Pagesachieve equal rights for women is often thought to have begun, in the English-speaking world, with the publication of Mary Wollstonecrafts A Vindication of the Rights of Woman (1792). During the 19th century, as male suffrage was gradually extended in many countries, women became increasingly active in the quest for the ir own suffrage. Not until 1893, however, in New Zealand, did women achieve suffrage on the national level. Australia followed in 1902, but American, British, and Canadian women did notRead MoreFinally, Black Feminism Highlights The Unique Experiences1232 Words à |à 5 PagesFinally, Black feminism highlights the unique experiences of Black women, but it lies in its commitment to justice, not just for Black women but for that of other similarly oppressed groups. An essential idea within Black feminism is intersectionality in that they argue that race, class, gender, sexuality, etc. are bound together (Garcia, 2016). In other words, white women and black women do not share identical experiences, despite all being female. Likewise, a middle-class black woman has a differentRead MoreThe Roaring 20 s Era Of Growth And Reform1309 Words à |à 6 PagesThe era of the 1920s, also known as the Roaring 20ââ¬â¢s, was a revolutionary time in which radical changes struck the American natio n, drastically increasing advances in society and economy. New and different forms of dance, music, clothing, behavior, and lifestyle were developed nationwide. The Antebellum Period in the late 1700s increased rebellion, similar to the Roaring 20ââ¬â¢s era of growth and reform. As this time period brought profound changes, conflict, cultural excitement, and experimentation
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Silk Road Free Essays
March 7, 2013 Humanities The Silk Road Rome_____________Central Asia______________Han China | India The Nomads The Silk Road crossed nomadic territory Extreme Agriculture: humans + omega animals Sparce population in a large area Calorie Exchange: 90,000 calories * Plants- 100,000 calories * Animals- 10,000 calories Horse= mobility No borders (territorial imperative )= pastures War; Secure pastures Archery Who are they? Scythians Altaic people * Turks * Mongols * Koreans * Japanese Contributions to history Chariots (HORSE)-harness on the withers /bit (light cart, drive-by{bronze tires}) * Cavalry ââ¬âmounted archer (they move in hordes ) Artificial symbiosis +Trade * (population pressure and supplemental income) Population Crisis The Silk Road- 100 BCE-300CE Trade is going to increase population above what the herds can feed Central Asia becomes fully occupied Plagues hit Rome + China * Defenses collapse * Trade ends Switch to Raid Mongols: Xiong- Nu Han Wudi (Conqueror) his actio ns created the Silk Road (100 BCE) Xiong-Nu Split into two wings Eastern Wing: allies of the Han Western Wing marched away Chinese Court ; paralyzed/ Dynastic Cycle Warlords- Mongol Soldiers (fatal error- introduced to China) Turks; Conquer North China Horse/Rice Western Xiong-Nu Pushed west + hit the Goths (Scandinavia) Germans Tribal Groups Nuclear Family (industry) Extended families (agriculture) Clan (hunting + gathering: 7th cousin) Tribe -multiple clans-totem/incest( totems are animals that represent your essence)- itââ¬â¢s a pastoral system Next generation will need an election. Warriors are going to vote. Germans flee west Visigoths ââ¬â yr 409 Rome Ostragoths- Italy The Franks- France The Danes- Denmark The juts- Jutland (the neck of denmark) Burgundian- Burgundy Angles- England Saxons- Saxony Vandals- Vandalism-453 Rome Alemmani- germany The old trade routes I. We will write a custom essay sample on The Silk Road or any similar topic only for you Order Now Trade Nodals A. Nodal= Cluster of cities B. Nodal #1 : Flanders (belgium) 1. Ghent 2. Ypres 3. Bruges Country/count C. Rhine D. North Italy= Nodal # 2 4. Milan 5. Venice 6. Genoa 7. PISA 8. Florence Theyââ¬â¢re all city-states Network cities because they survive on trade network-crossbow Gun powder/ cannon E. Mediterranean 9. Constantinople (Changes name to instanbul) 10. Alexandria 11. Tunis * * * * How to cite The Silk Road, Papers
Wednesday, April 29, 2020
The Hijras free essay sample
In this paper, I explore the culture of the Hijras to learn how an outcast group that is looked down up on still has its role in traditional society. The Hijras are a transgender social group who are located amongst southern and mid-eastern Asia. They are a group of males who portray themselves as females in society and survive by engaging in begging and prostitution. They are also considered performers for special occasions in different societies. This group focuses on beliefs that are different from the beliefs of many other India cultures. Gender does not play a big role in their culture because they believe that there is no such thing as man or woman. Religion plays a major role in the construction of the Hijras, and it is one of the main reasons they still play a role in South Asian society. Even though they are looked down up on through out society, the Hijras are just one of many marginal groups in society that have unique social roles, and play a part in tradition society. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hijras or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Hijras acceptance with their feminine side makes them stand out from the rest of the social groups. The ancestors of past generations offered unique beliefs that set up the modern societies for the Hijras belief. The concept of making their ancestors proud carried on through our generations and it one of their religious beliefs. It was nothing but tradition that led the Hijras to making the decisions they did, and decisions that changed their views up on society. This was just a prime example of following tradition and sticking to the beliefs of their ancestors. Religion was one of the things that led them to their beliefs of gender. Religion plays a major role in the construction of the Hijras. Most Hijras are of Hindu faith. Their beliefs from the Hindu faith are that sex is the key to everything. Having sex was like a blessing to the Hijras. The Kama Sutras are an example of third nature, which is similar to the Hijras. These beliefs through out the Hindus society shows the their views of homosexuality was normal. The Hindu belief led to many dual-gendered figures. The Hijras believed that dual gender figures were more powerful than other identifications. They do not classify themselves as men or women, but a third-gender. They are also referred to as eunuchs, which means castrated men. They believe if they do not go through the castration process they are worthless, useless, or they donââ¬â¢t exist to society. Once they go through this procedure they are considered ââ¬Å"Trueâ⬠Hijras. This operation is important because it gives they honorary right to be called a woman, or miss, or misses. This is a great achievement upon them because it makes them feel as if theyââ¬â¢ve done something generation and generation have done before them. It makes them feel as if they are a part of a cult almost. Getting the recognition of becoming a Hijra does not come easy. There are many rituals and ceremonies that have to be performed before one becomes a true Hijra. Different tribes of HIjra groups, depending on their geographical location have different rituals. All of them however have a goal of making the ritual be ââ¬Å"weirdâ⬠to society. One of the rituals they perform is castration. This ritual is considered where the Hijra is reborn. This ritual is widely being spread through out India. In castration, the men are stripped of all their masculine traits. During the ritual, they are looked upon by elder Hijras as the upcoming generation. These young men are usually of the age of 10-14. They prepare this ritual as if it were a wedding. They have to make sure itââ¬â¢s the right time of year, climate, and day. The Hijras are more concerned about being recognized for what they do, rather than what they are. The importance of these tribes are very valuable to society even though most other cultural groups say otherwise. The data I conducted from the ethnography, which was ââ¬Å"Neither man nor woman: The Hijras of India,â⬠by Serena Nanda, was taken from a first hand point of view, which let me explore the culture more accurately than I ever imagined. The ethnography shared lives of Hijras and how they spent their daily lives. It shared their opinions on how they felt they were benefiting society, and how they adapted to society. Nanda used the observation and participant observation technique the most through out the essay because the main data for the research was coming from actual Hijras he met in India. Conversation is also a technique used, and also interviews. She was able to get questions answered from different Hijras, which also answered some of my questions I had on the Hijras. The main topic that was my concern was the role of marginal groups as the Hijras in societies today, and how they are portrayed through out Western Civilization, and even amongst their own societies. They are accepted by some, but are a social disturbance to most. As much as people want them to go away in their societies, they still manage to play a role in tradition society. They play roles in the celebration and entertainment of societies. It is more than being defined as a third gender, but as being recognized as a wonder group who made a difference in the world. The Hijras would show up to weddings, days of birth of a newborn, parties uninvited, or unannounced and blessing the people there by singing, dancing, and even drumming. They would sing poems that they wrote, and performs different religious dances. This gathering is not a celebration for the Hijras though. They are there to be recognized as a tribe within society. This is a way for them to share their beliefs with everyone, and let everyone see what they stand for. They also engage in these activities to show they mean no harm to society, and want to be known for good things rather than the sexual activates they engage. In return for showing up to these occasions and performing, the Hijras would ask for money from the audience, or anyone at the occasion. Another major role in society is when there is a marriage in the community. When Hijras find out there is a marriage ceremony being held, they will come to the grooms family and arrange a performance and day or two after. The performance is timed when the bride, groom, and their neighbors, friends, and family can join them at their home. The more audience, the more the Hijras would get in payment. The reason for the performance is to bless the couple getting married, and bless for a healthy fertility. If the bride asks them to bless them with a son it is more work for them, but it also means they will have a chance to perform again when the son is born. In the songs they sing, they include lines that encourage the thought of them having a son. In some celebrations, because of tradition, they are required to have Hijras attend, and do the same dances, and blessings they do every year. In example, some families have to make sure ââ¬Å"realâ⬠Hijras come to their events and celebrations to ensure good luck, and for religious reasons. It would seem bad to have Hijras, who are emasculated men, who base their beliefs around sex, around a new born son, or a new born baby of any gender. But most people, who pay Hijras to perform at their celebrations, donââ¬â¢t think of Hijras that way at all. They are seen as vehicles of the divine power of Mother Goddess. They check the genitals of the infant and try to influence that this infant could be inter-sexed, which means neither man nor woman. The Hindu religion is very open to Hijras because Hijras are mainly Hindu and most of their audience is connected to them through religion. They even see them as higher figures that are closer to god. When marriages in the Hindu family are taking place, Hijras demand to perform and threaten to show up uninvited. Some Hindu families must have Hijras attend and perform to ensure a successful marriage. And in the Hindu culture, it works both ways because Hijras can bless an event, or family but can also curse and wish bad things up on them. Most Hindu families donââ¬â¢t act rudely towards them and are more open because they donââ¬â¢t want any curse places up on them or their family. The Hijras donââ¬â¢t just roam the areas of India; they play a role in many societies. Some people canââ¬â¢t stand their existence due to the fact that they modified their genitals but they are a harmless social group, who are religiously dedicated as we are. Their religion is what connects them with their society. They are beggars and prostitutes but even our culture as people we are not proud to include within. Serena Nanda was open-minded as she researched the Hijras and saw them to be just an outcast social group who mean well to other families. They have their place in society, and it encourages other social groups to not care what anyone says and to stick to what they believe in, which is exactly what the Hijras demonstrate. Citation List Patel, Amisha 2010 Indiaââ¬â¢s Hijras: The Case For Transgender Rightsâ⬠42(4):853-863 http://nlcproxy.alamo.edu:2076/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=268c9a52-02e5-4a88-8c09-73a974d7d558%40sessionmgr13vid=8hid=25 Serena Nanda 1999 Neither Man Nor Woman: The Hijras of India. John Jay College of Criminal Justice. University of New York. Morris, Opler 1961 Further Comparative Notes on the Hijras of India. American Anthropologist. 63(6): 1331-1332 http://www.jstor.org/stable/666865
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)